Revising Early Gay History

Originally appeared October 2, 2002, in the Chicago Free Press.

OCTOBER'S OBSERVANCE of Gay History Month provides a welcome opportunity to notice a fascinating new article in "The Journal of the History of Sexuality" revising earlier notions about the history of the Mattachine Society, "Behind the Mask of Respectability" by Martin Meeker.

The orthodox view of Mattachine is that in 1950/51 a group of gay men influenced by leftist ideology and led by Communist Harry Hay, founded the Mattachine Society to promote gay equality and a radical critique of oppressive heterosexual norms.

But, the story goes, in 1953 more conservative Mattachine members forced out the radicals and embraced a more respectable politics, encouraging gays to work within the existing society, leading to a decline in membership, influence, relevance, and eventual dissolution in the mid-1960s.

This view is substantially misleading, says Meeker. Based on interviews with surviving Mattachine members, neglected early gay publications and recently opened archives, Meeker says the actual history was in some ways the reverse of the old story.

Meeker argues that the ideology and the methods of early Mattachine conflicted with each other, inhibiting effectiveness, and the later, more moderate Mattachine posture enabled it to promote gay equality in practical ways while evading public hostility. "Daring and successful politics emerged from an apparently conservative ideology," Meeker says.

To begin with, early Mattachine was not so radical as some historians assumed on the basis of Hay's and other founders' political sympathies. Equal rights and self-esteem for gays may have seemed "radical" in the early 1950s, but they were in principle already the birthright of all Americans. (It was the Soviet-controlled U.S. Communist Party that asked Hay to withdraw after Mattachine was founded.) And many gays were already aware of oppressive mainstream norms based on their experience of prejudice.

Second, early Mattachine also sought bourgeois respectability. Its letterhead listed only mothers and sisters of the founders as Directors, including Harry's own mother. Responding to one member concerned about leftist associations, Mrs. Hay wrote, "Personally I have been a Republican for over fifty years. Incidentally, my husband once was a partner of Herbert Hoover and we often visited the Hoovers in New York."

Third, early Mattachine's Communist-inspired organizational cell structure, secret leadership, figurehead heterosexual Directors, and members' own frequent use of false names fostered mistrust and hampered--actually undermined--Mattachine's ability to challenge gay invisibility and bring gays and lesbians into the public sphere as equals.

Fourth, early Mattachine's emphasis on private, home discussion groups led members to feel that it had little relevance to the problems gays and lesbians faced daily. As later Mattachine leader Hal Call said, "I felt that (Mattachine founders) were sort of pie-in-the-sky, erudite and artistically inclined. Take Harry Hay ... You could never talk to him very long without going way back in history to some ancient Egyptian cult or something of that sort."

Despite some early Mattachine activism such as candidate questionnaires and support for a member entrapped by police, members' unease with the secrecy and the theoretical emphasis led to a 1953 rebellion in which new leadership was democratically elected--initially Hal Call, Don Lucas, and Ken Burns, using their real names and promising more openness.

The new leaders based in San Francisco sought to use the media to put a wholesome public face on homosexuality, involve sympathetic professionals in religion, psychology and sex research, and develop a semi-professional social service agency to help gays and lesbians with their problems.

Former journalist Hal Call became adept at working with mainstream media to counter the "conspiracy of silence" about gays. In 1955 Call founded "Mattachine Review" to reach gays around the country. Together Call and Lucas started Pan Graphic Press to publish the Review, later (after national Mattachine disbanded in 1961) expanding to pamphlets, bar guides, and an early gay newspaper, "Town Talk" (1964).

The work with legal, psychological, religious and sex research professionals has often been misread, Meeker argues. Mattachine did try to involve them when possible in order to bolster its respectability, but the aim was just as much to educate the professional--who inevitably learned a good deal from interacting with ordinary gays and lesbians. The tactic worked: increasing numbers of professionals participated, even soliciting Mattachine members expertise on homosexuality.

Finally, as Mattachine became better known, more gays sought its help. By the late 1950s, in another innovation in gay thinking and gay activism, Mattachine leaders realized the enormous need for a social service agency and began providing legal help, counseling, medical referrals and job placements for gays, In 1958, 300 people sought Mattachine help. By 1964 San Francisco's caseload alone approached 3,000 per year.

So the moderately positioned, post-1953 Mattachine Society was able to conduct more widely varied, aggressive activism than Mattachine's "radical" founders, fostered the ideal of a gay community of healthy individuals, and managed to do so openly and entirely apart from any suspect ideological baggage.

Journalistic Contortions.

Last week's issue of Time magazine had, buried in a long piece about American Taliban John Walker Lindh, a suggestion that "Taliban Johnny" had shared a gay relationship with a Pakistani businessman named Khazar Hayat. Here's how it was picked up and sensationalized by the New York Daily News in a piece titled: Bizman: Lindh was my gay lover:

John Walker Lindh's "dangerous journey" into Islamic militancy was cemented by a sexual relationship with a Pakistani businessman who guided the American Taliban turncoat toward schools that fueled his hatred for the United States, [Time] magazine reported yesterday. "It was the beginning of the dangerous journey, the first jaunt, the pleasure journey," Mufti Mohammad Iltimas Khan, a spiritual adviser, said of Lindh's encounter with the businessman.

Time's actual article, The Making of John Walker Lindh, had this to say:

Hayat met Lindh and took him on a tour of various madrasahs, searching for the perfect one from Karachi in the south to Peshawar in the northwest. The young American rejected them all and preferred remaining at Hayat's side. He helped Hayat at his store, a prosperous business dealing in powdered milk. Hayat, who has a wife and four children, says he had sex with Lindh. "He was liking me very much. All the time he wants to be with me," says Hayat, who has a good though not colloquial command of English. "I was loving him. Because love begets love, you know."

But something about this doesn't seem to gel, since earlier news reports had noted Lindh's rejection of his gay father as morally corrupt. Soon after, CNN weighed in with this take, in Pakistani man denies having sex with Taliban American:

Hayat, who said Walker Lindh stayed with him about a month, denied having sexual relations with the young American. "That's nonsense," he said. "We never had any such relationship." Lindh's lawyers deny that their client engaged in any homosexual relationships.

I don't know what the truth is, but it seems like Time's reliance on evidence such as Hyat's fractured English was probably suspect.

Interestingly, while Time was quick to publicize a gay allegation for Lindh, the New York Times treaded a bit too carefully when it came to discussing the homosexual orientation of a true hero. In a Sept. 20 piece titled Killed on 9/11, Fire Chaplain Becomes Larger Than Life,
Daniel J. Wakin writes this of Father Mychal Judge, the New York Fire Department chaplain who perished shortly after administering last rites to a firefighter inside the burning World Trade Center:

Many Roman Catholics find in him a positive, indeed shining, example of a priest at a time when the priestly image is suffering from the sexual abuse scandal in the Church. Another group has publicly sung Father Judge's praises since his death: gay rights advocates. Some have spoken openly about what they say was his homosexual orientation, and the former New York City fire commissioner, Thomas Von Essen, said that Father Judge had long ago come out to him. Still, the presence of the gay issue has caused some rancor among other friends, who resent what they say are attempts by the gay rights advocates to use Father Judge to further their agenda. [italics added]

And later:

Father Judge's name is also invoked by gay rights advocates, who maintain that the priest's sexuality was an important part of his make-up as a man and a priest.

Some of Father Judge's friends, however, are angry by what they see as opportunism by some gay rights advocates. These friends emphasize that any sexual orientation that he may have had is irrelevant. Some are hostile to the suggestion he was homosexual.

Actually, quite a number of Father Judge's gay friends have said that he was very much at ease with his homosexual orientation (though no one, as far as I know, has said he was sexually active). Moreover, Father Judge worked with the gay Catholic group Dignity, and marched in the alternative St. Patrick's Day Parade. However, at a time when some in the Vatican hierarchy are calling for purging homosexually oriented priests, the presence of the saintly but gay Father Judge is clearly causing some grief, and much denial. But unlike the shaky case for John Walker Lindh's bent, the evidence is straight-forward (so to speak) about Father Judge. Regardless, many will continue to have difficulty viewing sanctity and homosexuality as coexisting together.
--Stephen H. Miller

85503483

True Diversity. Check out veteran gay journalist Rex Wockner's current Wockner Wire opinion column at planetout.com. Rex takes aim at the idea that gays should be defined as creatures of the left merely because of our sexual orientation. He writes:

"The success of the gay movement has created the situation of bourgeois and ordinary and even conservative gays and lesbians becoming the majority of out, proud American homos.

"The screeching, dogmatic leftoids who long dominated American gay public discourse are not merely in retreat, they have become mostly irrelevant. Witness the obsolescence of the inflexibly leftist National Gay & Lesbian Task Force (NGLTF), once the dominant force in American gay activism. --

"I have spent 23 years poking around the gay universe, including the online gay universe for the past nine years, and I can say, without hesitation, that the vast majority of gays and lesbians these days have little in common with the dogma of NGLTF and movement wonks of that ilk. All the leftoid gays are still out there but, in the meantime, everybody else came out of the closet and completely buried them numbers-wise."

I couldn't agree more. As I once again witnessed this weekend the mobs of (mostly) student leftists staging their anti-capitalist, anti-American, window-smashing, police-taunting tantrum in our nation's capital, I was saddened to see, in at least one TV news report, a group brandishing a gay rainbow flag. How sad that these people think the (mostly) free economic system that made possible the social liberation of gay people is "the enemy."

Yet beyond the hot house of campus LGBT politics and its spawn -- the professional activists who dominate the "progressive" LGBT movement -- you"ll find the majority of gays and lesbians. And the future belongs to them.
--Stephen H. Miller

85484053

Biting the Hand that Could Save Them. A frightening piece on how the high-pressure anti-market demands of AIDS activists has contributed to a big falloff in the number of new AIDS drugs in development -- AIDS Activists Hinder Their Cause " can be read via a link to the international edition of the Jerusalem Post (and was brought to our attention by Andrewsullivan.com). The author, Roger Bate of the organization Africa Fighting Malaria, reports that:

There are between 5% and 30% fewer anti-AIDS drugs in development than there were a few years ago". Companies producing anti-AIDS drugs were developing fewer products than in the late 1990s. The reduction found was almost a third lower in 2001 than in 1998.

And one likely cause? According to Dr. Des Martin, president of the South African HIV Clinicians Society:

"Among several reasons, the threat of generic competition and attacks on multinational companies could be behind the recent decline in HIV anti-retroviral compounds," [Dr. Martin] says. The latter point is one that the pharma industry apparently does not want discussed widely.

However, admits one drug industry executive:

"we have lost the battle with the activists, and now the market is less profitable. The result is that we are spending less R&D time on anti-retrovirals. Why bother to innovate these products when any advance will not be profitable?"

Actions DO have consequences, and attacking the engines of innovation because they"re driven by (gasp) the profit-motive may have deadly consequences.
--Stephen H. Miller

In His Own Words?

Sept. 19, 2002

The Human Rights Campaign, the big Washington-based LGBT-rights lobby, has joined the fray with civil rights and feminist groups in opposing the nomination of Michael McConnell for the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The Log Cabin Republicans, meanwhile, have met with McConnell and endorsed his appointment.

Arguments can be made either way about McConnell. Many gay activists will not forgive that he was an integral part of the Boy Scouts" legal battle to exclude gay scoutmasters (a battle which the Supreme Court gave to the Scouts, ruling that a private association has a constitutional right to choose leaders who agree with the organization's goals).

What is not acceptable, however, is the distortion in HRC's anti-McConnell release, attributing words to McConnell that he never said. Here is an excerpt from HRC's press release:

McConnell's role in the Boy Scouts of America v. Dale lawsuit demonstrates hostility to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender rights. -- The McConnell brief suggests that the Scouts' policy of excluding gay men is comparable to its exclusion of alcohol or substance abusers from leadership positions.


"But prevailing in their [the Boy Scouts] constitutional battle might prove to be a Pyrrhic victory," McConnell warned at a June 2, 2000, colloquium on evangelical civic engagement. "Unless the Boy Scouts can win public sympathy and not be seen as irrationally bigoted, they could become cultural pariahs and viewed in the same way as 'the Nazis in Skokie.'
"The Scouts would then face overwhelming pressure to change their policies regarding homosexuals," continued McConnell. "On the legal front, moreover, the Scouts' traditional ties with schools, national parks, and the military are in jeopardy. Scout supporters must go on the offensive, to highlight the intolerance of gay-rights activists." -- HRC website, all quote marks as in the HRC release

Pretty bad, right, except these words, despite HRC's quote marks, aren't exactly McConnell"s. They"re from a paraphrase of what McConnell said, in the newsletter of a conservative religious policy institute. Here's the relevant excerpt from the Ethics and Public Policy Center. Note the LACK of quotes in the original, which indicates a paraphrase:

But prevailing in their constitutional battle might prove to be a Pyrrhic victory, McConnell warned. Unless the Boy Scouts can win public sympathy and not be seen as irrationally bigoted, they could become cultural pariahs and viewed in the same way as "the Nazis in Skokie." The Scouts would then face overwhelming pressure to change their policies regarding homosexuals. On the legal front, moreover, the Scouts' traditional ties with schools, national parks, and the military are in jeopardy. Scout supporters must "go on the offensive," McConnell counseled, and highlight the intolerance of gay-rights activists. -- Ethics and Policy Center website

Is this a big deal? I think so. Attributing words directly to someone when they"re not really their words is pretty serious, especially when trying to decide if a viewpoint is based on a belief in governmental neutrality regarding moral issues, or rank bigotry. Maybe what McConnell actually said was just as bad, but I don't know (and, after reading HRC's attack, neither do you).

McConnell has opposed adding gays to legislation that protects racial and religious minorities from job discrimination, as HRC notes. But he did support a Salt Lake City ordinance that would have prohibited discrimination based on "lifestyle" and other non-job-related factors. He also defended a Gay Straight Alliance club in Salt Lake City when it was banned from a high school, arguing it had the same rights as other groups to meet on campus under the 1984 Equal Access Act. That's not to say that HRC, as a lobby that puts gay anti-discrimination statutes at the top of its agenda, shouldn't oppose him. But neither should they distort who he is, or what he actually has said.

85461994

"Smackdown" Smacked. Some e-mailers have written to say they found the "we"re not gay, it was just a put on" conclusion to World Wrestling Entertainment's "Smackdown" gay wedding to have been quite gay-negative, and ditto the crowd's reactions. What can I say, I based my item on the Washington Post's coverage. Does this mean you can't believe everything you read in the papers"?

Prime-Time Quotas? The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation reports that:

The number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender characters appearing this fall on primetime network television has declined by almost two-thirds compared to the 2001-02 television season". The Fall 2002 season includes only seven lesbian and gay characters in primetime -- all of whom are white. There are no bisexual or transgender characters. Last year, 20 lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) characters regularly appeared on network television.

Proclaims GLAAD's Scott Seomin:

"The diversity of the gay community cannot be conveyed through seven characters, especially when all of those characters are white. This is not merely about the decreasing number of gay and lesbian characters on TV. It is about the total lack of people of color, bisexual and transgender portrayals on network television."

Now, I"m all for more gay characters on the tube. But there's something about GLAAD's rhetoric that's unsettling. For one thing, there's no recognition on GLAAD's part that TV programming decisions are driven by ratings, not by a central planning committee made up of homophobic whte male racists. In the wake of the success of "Will & Grace," there was a big jump in the number of gays on TV. It was TV's typical copycat phenomenon. But many of the new shows bombed in the ratings -- not because they had gay characters, but because they weren't very good.


Should GLAAD be encouraging more gay stories on prime-time television? Absolutely. But failing to understand what caused the gay surge and subsequent decline, playing the race card at a time when there are more black characters than ever, and righteously declaring the need for transgenders of color all comes off as just more stale activist rhetoric.
--Stephen H. Miller

Exorcising the Ghost of Anita

Originally appeared September 18, 2002, in the Chicago Free Press.

MOST GAYS AND LESBIANS under 40 can hardly imagine the resonance the narrow approval (53 to 47 percent) of Miami/Dade County's gay anti-discrimination law has for those of us who remember the "Anita Bryant era" and her leading role in the 1977 overturn of Miami's first gay anti-discrimination law by a more than two-third vote (69 to 31 percent).

Bryant, you recall, was a former beauty queen, second runner up - i.e., third place - in the 1959 Miss America contest ("I was really disappointed that I didn't get the Miss Congeniality trophy," she said), a popular singer, Christian evangelist, and prominent pitchwoman for Florida orange juice and other products.

After the 1977 passage of a gay anti-discrimination law in Dade County, Bryant said the Lord told her to organize a movement to overturn the law. The resulting organization, Save Our Children, later renamed Protect America's Children, focused on promoting the claim that homosexuals - primarily gay men - recruit children.

"Homosexuals cannot reproduce - so they must recruit," an early Save Our Children statement said. "And to freshen their ranks they must recruit the youth of America." The language conjured up images of drooling perverts sexually molesting young boys. But it turned out that they meant that almost any visible evidence of homosexuality could recruit young people.

They also claimed that gays who did not "flaunt" their orientation - those who stayed in the closet - did not suffer discrimination, that gays were covered by existing non-discrimination law, that adding "sexual orientation" to non-discrimination laws constituted "special privileges" for gays, and that only "militant" homosexuals wanted such laws - so they could recruit young people.

Always the rhetoric returned to the idea of recruitment.

School teachers were the flashpoint. The implication was that gay teachers would promote their sexuality in classes. But the stated claim was that teachers who were "known practicing homosexuals," even if they said nothing were "role models" for impressionable youngsters who would want to imitate them and be homosexual too.

As Bryant explained in her 1977 book "The Anita Bryant Story," "Known homosexual school teachers and their possible role-model impact ... could encourage more homosexuality by inducing pupils to look upon it as an acceptable life style."

Even beyond that, Bryant wanted all gays to stay in the closet because any openly gay person, any "known practicing homosexual," might be a role model for some youth: "One of the purposes of this special-privileges ordinance is to provide role models for _our_ growing children."

Just becoming aware that openly gay people exist could apparently influence young people to become gay. As a later Save Our Children release explained, "What these people really want ... is the legal right to propose to our children that there is an alternate way of life."

One can only be amazed at the astonishing weakness of heterosexuality, that despite its cultural dominance, its presumedly inborn naturalness, and the ubiquity of heterosexual role models, it can be so easily undone by one openly gay person. You have to wonder why anti-gay militants feared that homosexuality was so appealing.

Bryant herself came across as warm, devout, zealous, and wholly untroubled by her vast ignorance. In a long Playboy interview, Bryant claimed that homosexuals are called "fruits" because "they eat the forbidden fruit of the tree of life. God referred to men as trees, and because the homosexuals eat the forbidden fruit, which is male sperm."

Bryant said that Jesus "told us we were not to be concerned by the things the Old Testament said." When Playboy pointed out that Bryant constantly cited the Old Testament to support her opposition to homosexuality, she replied, "Well, when you start nitpicking ... -- and changed the subject.

She claimed that homosexuality was unnatural because "even barnyard animals don't do what homosexual do." When Playboy pointed out that animals engage in homosexuality, Bryant countered brightly, "Well, I've never heard of it" and said it was unnatural even so.

Bryant's "controversial" views, the ridicule they generated, and protests by gays harmed her career. Product endorsements disappeared, a planned television show was canceled, concert bookings dried up, a comeback tour through trailer parks and Elks Clubs failed and she finally disappeared from view.

Did Bryant learn anything from her experience? In 1980 Bryant told Ladies' Home Journal that she was "more inclined to say live and let live, just don't flaunt it or try to legalize it." In other words, the message was unchanged: Gays should stay in the closet and go to prison if they are caught having sex.

And in a 1988 Orlando Sentinel interview she reiterated that gays and lesbians are living in sin, that she regretted nothing and would do it all again, trying to save gays and lesbians from their sad, sick selves.

Even those of us who on libertarian grounds believe, as I do, that non-discrimination laws are unwise public policy can feel grim satisfaction that Bryant's repeal campaign, focused not on personal liberties but on anti-gay slanders, aggressive ignorance, willful misrepresentation, and fundamentalist zealotry, was finally after 25 years repudiated by the electorate.

Good-bye, Anita. It's over.

Author's note:Among other problems with Bryant's fundamentalism, her grasp of the Bible was weak. Eating from the tree of life was not forbidden to Adam. At Genesis 2:16-17, Jahweh tells Adam he may "eat from every tree in the garden" except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Thus eating from the tree of life, also in the center of the garden (Gen. 2:9) was permitted.

85453893

A Sham, but Not All Bad. A bit belatedly, here's last week's Washington Post take on World Wrestling Entertainment's "gay wedding" storyline between pro-wrestlers Billy and Chuck. Yes, it turned out to be as phony baloney as everything else in pro wrestling. But as reporter Hank Stuever points out, the absence of anti-gay invective, or overt audience hostility, says more about gay progress in the American heartland (those "red state" folks) than the decision by the elite New York Times to include same-sex commitment ceremonies among its Weddings announcement.

Remember Stalin? Zimbabwe's President (via rigged elections) Robert Mugabe has put in place a terror-driven land expropriation policy that has spread famine across his country, formerly a food exporter. He has also, notoriously, declared homosexuals "lower than dogs and pigs" and recently launched a campaign against "sexual perverts," avowing that gays have no rights at all. AllAfrica.com reports (via the Zimbabwe Standard) that "Mugabe has, in the past few years, openly paraded his deeply entrenched hatred for homosexuals, attacking them relentlessly"" So, why were members of the New York City Council's Black, Latino and Asian Caucus giving him such a warm reception last week? "I"m honored to host him," said Councilman Charles Barron, as quoted in Newsday. Can you imagine the outcry if it had been conservative council members who had hosted a rightwing, rather than leftwing, dictator with such a murderous and homophobic record?

Autopilot Activism. The Commercial Closet site has a good piece on the refusal of some die-hard lesbigay activists to give up their boycott against Coors Brewing Company. Coors has just launched a new print campaign to once again highlight its gay-positive policies:

Titled "Real History," the ad features a triangle with a list of the company's gay rights accomplishments including: adopting an inclusive non-discrimination policy in 1978, adding same-sex partner health benefits in 1995 and other milestones. Another ad to appear in January will feature six openly gay employees.

As the article notes, the roots of the trouble go back to a broader union boycott in the early 1970s. But while the union boycott ended long ago, and coalitions have been formed with Hispanic and African-American groups, Coors remains dogged by gay activists who, once having sunk their teeth into the company's skin, refuse to ever let go. Their main beef is that some Coors family members give money to conservative groups such as the Heritage Foundation. But from what I can see, these are center-right conservative groups, and not the hard-core homo-haters of the religious right. Rather, it's as if the activists simply are unable to rationally revisit any stance once taken. That's one reason I tend to characterize them as "reactionaries," even though they like to call themselves "progressives."


I should note that not all activists are still in the anti-Coors camp; even the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation and the Human Rights Campaign have accepted funding from Coors in recent years -- and been denounced for it by those even further to the left.
--Stephen H. Miller

85445044

Fiendish Floridians? According to a press release from the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force:

"In 2000, African Americans in southern Florida were denied the right to vote and to have their votes counted. In 2002, the gay and Jewish communities are facing the same inexcusable fate," said Lorri L. Jean [NGLTF's executive director].

While irregularities have been reported in precincts countywide, Miami's Jewish and gay communities have been disproportionately hit by voter machine malfunction and other irregularities. -- "How many times must historically oppressed communities be denied the right to participate in elections under the watch of Jeb and George W. Bush?" demanded Jean.

Years ago, there used to be a joke about a hypothetical headline in the old (and, at the time, left-leaning) New York Post: "New York Destroyed; Blacks, Jews Suffer Most." The penchant to claim the mantle of victimhood seems to know no bounds on the left. In fact, the well-reported voting problems in Florida's Dade and Broward counties (that's Miami and Ft. Lauderdale, respectively) have been attributed to the county officials in charge of elections, and these officials are, as it turns out, DEMOCRATS.


Think, for a minute, about NGLTF's suggestion that the brothers Bush managed to pinpoint the precincts with a majority of gay or Jewish votes, and then to arrange for election workers in those exact precincts to be slovenly or ill-trained, and for the expensive, new electronic voting machines to be improperly hooked up -- all in order to undermine the traditionally liberal vote. I mean, just how efficiently fascistic do they really think the Republicans are?

NGLTF's concern was stoked by a ballot initiative from the religious right, which sought to overturn Dade County's gay rights ordinance. Says the NGLTF release:

"In some precincts, there was no ability to vote on any initiatives. In others, voters have complained that when they voted NO on the anti-gay ballot measure, YES votes appear to have registered instead."

Can you spell P-A-R-A-N-O-I-A?


As it turned out, the repeal effort failed 53% to 47%, despite the great GOP conspiracy, and the gay rights measure will stay on the books. As reported by the Miami Herald, racially speaking, the strongest support for keeping the gay rights measure, by far, came from non-Latin, non-black voters (in other words, the white electorate), which voted 73.7% to 26.3% against repeal. Among black voters, the vote was just barely against repeal, 55.5% to 44.5%. And finally, among the heavily Cuban Hispanic voters, the majority favored repealing the gay rights law, 63.2% to 36.8%. Guess that's why NGLTF wasn't concerned about voting foul-ups affecting that minority group.
--Stephen H. Miller

Good-bye, Eppie

First appeared Sept. 11, 2002, in the Chicago Free Press.

TWO YEARS AFTER the American Psychiatric Association and American Psychological Association declared that homosexuality was not a mental illness, Chicago-based syndicated advice columnist Eppie Lederer, known to millions as "Ann Landers," would have none of it. She knew better:

"I do not believe homosexuality is just another lifestyle. I believe these people suffer from a serious personality disorder. Some are sicker than others, but sick they are and all the fancy rhetoric by the American Psychiatric Association will not change it."

You can hardly miss the tone of Lily Tomlin's character Ernestine from the telephone company: "WE are the advice columnist. WE are omniscient."

Landers' recent death prompted an outpouring of praise for her sensitivity, her practical intelligence, her concern for her readers. Some of the encomiums mentioned her supportive attitude toward gays and lesbians. But those comments came from people who had not followed her career carefully or else had short memories.

Although Landers did become more gay-friendly during her last decade, throughout most of her long career, from the late 1950s to the early 1990s, she insistently told her readers that gays are sick, that they have a serious personality disorder, that homosexuality is abnormal, that homosexuals are miserable and self-hating, that most homosexuals would change if they could, and that heterosexuality is God's plan for mankind.

Some examples: In 1965, she described homosexuality as a "psychological disturbance." In 1973, she wrote that "homosexuality is unnatural. It is, in spite of what some psychiatrists say, a sickness - a dysfunction." In 1978 she called it "a personality disorder."

In 1976, oblivious of the fact that advice columns are a magnet for unhappy people not happy ones, Landers wrote, "My mail tells me a far greater number (of gays) are wretched and miserable. They hate their homosexuality and would give anything to be straight."

When an "open and happy" lesbian wrote to protest, Landers replied stiffly, "A great many people do not believe homosexuality is 'normal and healthy' and I am among them."

Landers referred approvingly to the notorious homophobic psychoanalyst Charles Socarides as a "New York scholar," and in 1978, five years after the psychiatrists depathologized homosexuality, Landers gave space in her "Ann Landers Encyclopedia" to yet another virulent homophobe, psychiatrist and change therapist Harold M. Voth of the Menninger Foundation.

Voth unleashed a tirade, trotting out all the old psychiatric claims about the possibility of curing homosexuality and the whole creaky machinery of neo-Freudian ideology about close-binding mothers and faulty gender identification, finally summarizing:

"To define homosexuality as 'normal' is to assault the fundamental building block of all societies, namely the heterosexual bond and the family which springs from that bond."

By 1983, a decade after the psychiatrists and psychologists changed their position, Landers was still finding reasons to condemn homosexuality, sounding for all the world like Lou Sheldon, Paul Cameron, and Jerry Falwell:

"I stand firm in my contention that homosexuality is not normal. It is my belief that when God made man and women he instilled in them sexual desires for one another so they would procreate. That was his divine plan to people the earth. ... Since their (homosexuals') behavior does not square with the plan for procreation, I believe in that sense they are abnormal."

Ann Landers, meet Laura Schlessinger.

Finally after more than 30 years of telling Americans gays were disordered, sick, miserable, abnormal, and unnatural, in 1992 Landers suddenly reversed course without ever admitting she had been wrong.

After Landers read about research suggesting a genetic component to homosexuality and nearly 75,000 gays and lesbians wrote saying they were happy being gay, one day she announced: "And now Dear Reader, this is Ann: It is my firm conviction that homosexuality is not learned behavior. It is genetic." And Landers rapidly became much more accepting of gays and lesbians

That research had problems and the findings have not been replicated, but Landers' earlier "firm conviction" was not based on science either so it made little difference. And unlike her previous "firm conviction" which helped two generations of young gays feel defective and two generations of parents feel guilty, her revised view no doubt did some good.

Landers can be praised for changing her mind, but not too much. Most experts and other advice columnists realized there was nothing wrong with gays long before Landers. Landers was the last on board. Her twin sister, Pauline Phillips, known to readers as "Dear Abby," had for decades been much more supportive of gays and lesbians.

"It's as if I've always known that there was nothing wrong with gay and lesbian people," Abby told author Eric Marcus in his recent book "Making Gay History." "This is a natural way of life for them. Nobody molested them, Nobody talked them into anything. They were simply born that way. ... Any therapist who would take a gay person and try to change him or her should be in jail."

Too bad Ann Landers didn't listen to Dear Abby.