Since its inception in 2003, the President's Emergency Plan for
AIDS Relief - PEPFAR - has become the largest public health program
in history. Created by President George W. Bush, it has distributed
nearly $50 billion worldwide, mostly in Africa, to prevent the
spread of HIV and to treat its victims. Over the last five years,
the fund has provided care for 3 million people and prevented an
estimated 12 million new infections. Even Bush's harshest critics
do not deny that PEPFAR has been a huge success in combating the
AIDS epidemic.
In spite of all that the program has accomplished, however, a
persistent problem remains: the promotion of homophobia by African
governments receiving American aid money. In no nation is this
problem more acute than in Uganda, one of 15 PEPFAR "focus"
countries that collectively account for half of the world's HIV
infections. Homosexuality is considered a taboo in most of Africa,
yet few governments have gone to the lengths of Uganda's in
punishing it. The consequences are devastating not only for the
people directly affected by these adverse policies but for the
fight against AIDS in general.
Uganda's campaign against homosexuality took a disturbing turn
last month when a member of parliament in the nation's governing
majority introduced legislation that would stiffen penalties for
actual or perceived homosexual activity, which is already illegal
under Ugandan law. According to the proposed law, "repeat
offenders" could be sentenced to death, as would anyone engaging in
a same-sex relationship in which one of the members is under the
age of 18 or HIV-positive. Gay-rights advocacy would be illegal,
and citizens would be compelled to report suspected homosexuals or
those "promoting" homosexuality to police; if they failed to do so
within 24 hours, they could also be punished.
International human rights groups have protested the bill, but
their complaints have only made the government more defiant. "It is
with joy we see that everyone is interested in what Uganda is
doing, and it is an opportunity for Uganda to provide leadership
where it matters most," the country's ethics and integrity minister
has said.
Aside from its evident inhumanity, such draconian legislation
will only do massive harm to HIV-prevention efforts. Gay men are an
at-risk community, and they already face severe repression in most
African countries. Because of conservative social mores and
government repression, many are hesitant to come forward to get
information regarding safe sexual practices. This bill could make
the very discussion of condom use and HIV prevention for gay men
illegal. By driving gays even further underground, such
governmental homophobia only ensures that HIV will continue to
spread unabated.
When a government actively encourages homophobia, the effect
reverberates throughout society. Uganda's president, Yoweri
Museveni, has accused European gays of coming to his country to
"recruit" people into homosexuality. Ugandan newspapers and
bloggers have seized on the proposed law to launch their own
broadsides against gays, posting the names and photographs of
individuals in Wild West-style "wanted" posters in print and
online. A major tabloid, the Red Pepper, trumpeted an expose
headlined "Top Homos in Uganda Named" as "a killer dossier, a
heat-pounding and sensational masterpiece that largely exposes
Uganda's shameless men and unabashed women that have deliberately
exported the Western evils to our dear and sacred society."
From 2004 through 2008, Uganda received a total of $1.2 billion
in PEPFAR money, and this year it is receiving $285 million more.
Clearly, the United States has a great deal of leverage over the
Ugandan government, and the American taxpayer should not be
expected to fund a regime that targets a vulnerable minority for
attack - an attack that will only render the vast amount of money
that we have donated moot.
Earlier this month, members of Congress led by the House Foreign
Affairs Committee chairman, Howard L. Berman (D-Valley Village),
and its ranking minority member, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-Fla.), sent
a letter to Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton calling on
the U.S. "to convey to Ugandan leaders that this bill is appalling,
reckless and should be withdrawn immediately." And in an open
letter to Dr. Eric Goosby, the new U.S. global AIDS coordinator,
Charles Francis, a member of the Presidential Advisory Council on
HIV/AIDS during the Bush administration, asked, "Will we stand by
and let national governments scapegoat a sexual minority for
HIV/AIDS while receiving major funding for AIDS relief?"
Irresponsible and reprehensible behavior on the part of Ugandan
officials should lead to a serious re-evaluation of U.S. policy and
an ultimatum for the Ugandan government: It must desist in its
promotion of deadly homophobia or say goodbye to the hundreds of
millions of dollars it has received due to the generosity and
goodwill of the American people.