A bit belatedly, let me mark the passing of Betty Friedan, the
long-time activist whose 1963 book "The Feminine Mystique" launched
the contemporary feminist movement. The linkage between what was
known as the "women's liberation" movement and the genesis of the
post-Stonewall gay movement will long be debated, although it's
worth noting that, infamously, as remembered
here, "in 1969 Friedan delivered her first public attack on
lesbianism, labeling it a 'lavender menace' that would tarnish the
entire feminist agenda. Enraged, many lesbians quit NOW."
Friedan lost that battle, as lesbians (and lesbian rights)
became central to the women's movement.
As to the claim that feminism was the catalyst for the fight for
gay equality, I'd argue that the most important precursor for the
gay movement was the sexual revolution-and that the liberation of
sex from marriage and procreation helped instigate both '70s-era
feminism and a more tolerant attitude toward homosexuality. That
is, both "women's lib" and "gay lib" were part of that era's sexual
"soup," though certainly early gay rebels took inspiration from
feminists, as well as from anti-war protestors, civil rights
activists and others.
Yet while feminism certainly challenged the rigid gender
conformism that is a basis of homophobia, for a time in the late
'70s and '80s the Andrea
Dworkin and Catherine
MacKinnon faction was so anti-male-sexuality that it backed the
notorious Meese Commission and made common cause with Christian
fundamentalists to pass anti-pornography statutes (here's a
critique
from a pro-sex feminist). Clearly, this brand of feminism had
turned completely against the ethos of sexual liberation that
helped launched the gay movement, embracing a kind of sexual
puritanism that, in demonizing male sexuality, helped demonize gay
men.
Today, of course, gay activists strongly back the women's
movement in what has become its central crusade: protecting
partial-birth abortion on demand for minors without parental
notification (preferably taxpayer-funded). And the women's movement
is happy to support gay equality,
except when a pro-abortion-rights candidate decides to reach
out to the center by not supporting gay
equality.
Comments worth noting. From EssEM:
The effect of feminism on gay men has been mixed. There is a
deep strain of androphobia in feminism and gay men have imbibed a
lot of it. Too many of us tend to avoid thinking of ourselves as
men, and by that I mean not just male humans, but adult males who
are neither women, girls or boys. We get blinded by all the jargon
about patriarchal oppression and become alienated from
ourselves.
From Jim G:
I think EssEm says it best for me. As a 52 year old gay man I
lived through the sexual revolution and became used to (though
uncomfortably) hearing "women's rights" and "gay rights" used in
the same sentence. I came to the conclusion that this happened
because we were supposed to be sharing the same enemy, "the
heterosexual male."
I eventually "left the Left" because I was tired of hearing
about the oppression of the Patriarchy, how if I was compassionate,
just, understanding it was because I was in touch with my "feminine
side" and of course all the other negative attributes were that
"other side." i.e. masculine. The phrase "behind every great man is
a great woman" developed a subtext which said..."unless he was
doing something bad, then he was acting on his own, the Patriarchal
slob."
I heard how men were the competitive, aggressive ones (not posed
as a compliment) though whoever said that never worked in an office
full of women. Women would tell me how terrible men were when they
were in positions of power, but when I mentioned Mary Tudor,
Catherine DeMedici, even Elizabeth the First (to name just a few) I
would get the blank stare.
And on and on. Aside from the depictions of American Indians
that I received as a child, I believe that feminism ranks right up
there as one of the great lies of my lifetime.